Filmul Vigilante Diaries (2016) este online subtitrat . Vigilante Diaries online subtitrat in romana este un film de ac John Doe, frontman of the punk band X, talks of this week’s Woody Guthrie tribute concert in Seattle and his new book, “Under the Big Black Sun.” (Jim. The frontman for the seminal punk band X talks of this week’s Woody Guthrie tribute concert and his new.
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Ausgabe 59 / Oktober 2012 Astrologie Ein-Blick in die Sterne Die aktuelle astrologische Zeitqualit. Sie ist intensiv ohne uns klare Hinweise zu geben. Saturnphase (1998) Release Info Release Dates It looks like we don't have any release dates for this title yet. Be the first to contribute! Just click the 'Edit page' button at the bottom of the page or learn more in the release dates submission guide. Das Jahreshoroskop, das Liebeshoroskop, Beruf und Gl. Diskutiere Saturnreturn / Saturnphase im Astrologie / Horoskope Forum im Bereich Esoterik Forum; Hallo liebe Forumsmitglieder! Zu meinem bisherigen Leben: Ich musste mich schon immer sehr. Das Saturn- HOROSKOP f. Das Tor zu unserer reifsten, vielleicht wichtigsten Erkenntnis: Wer gegen sich lebt, wer nur gesellschaftlichen Zw. Wer zu sich selbst findet, was meist erst in der zweiten H. Gerade jetzt ist der richtige Zeitpunkt f. Lesen Sie in Ihrem pers. Und wie Sie sich selbst davon heilen. Saturn ermahnt uns, qu. Die Partnerschaft, die Existenz, aber auch die Gesundheit – der Planet der eisernen Disziplin ist wie ein kosmischer, strenger Arzt, der uns zu einem ges. Und wir sehen unsere Chance f. Wenn der Mensch zur Vernunft kommt, wenn er nicht mehr blind den Abenteuern des Alltags nachrennt – dann kommt die Stunde dieses Herrn der Zeit. Die Stunde von Saturn. Das ist heute keine Frage mehr, die sich streng nach dem Alter richtet. Denn die Lebenseinstellung des Menschen hat sich gewandelt, auch sein Bewusstsein, seine Spiritualit. Viele von uns erreichen den Reifungsprozess fr. September geht der Neumond in der Jungfrau auf, dem Zeichen das unser Gesundheitsbewusstsein sch. Saturnphase Add a Plot » Director: Marc Ottiker IMDb Picks Arrival Of course Arrival is on our radar this month. See which other movies and TV shows we're excited about in IMDb Picks. Visit IMDb Picks Related Items Search for 'Saturnphase' on Alles kommt nach oben, alles wird klar und deutlich, was uns schadet, was uns einengt, was uns die Luft zum Atmen raubt, was auf uns lastet. Psyche und Krankheit, der Zusammenhang ist eindeutig. Schon vor Jahrzehnten wiesen Dr. Wovor Sie ein Leben lang fl. Und Sie lesen auch, wie Sie diesen Ballast abwerfen k. Wie Sie sich befreien. In dem daneben stehenden Sternzeichen steht Ihr Saturn, z. B. 1. 3. 1. 96. 9 - Saturn im Widder; 2. Juli 1. 93. 6 - Saturn in den Fischen. Hier die Saturn- Tabelle herunterladen. Saturn im WIDDERSie haben selten spontan gehandelt, selten impulsiv reagiert, aus Angst vor Niederlagen. Der kleinste Streit war Ihnen zuwider, hat bei Ihnen ein schlechtes Gewissen hinterlassen. Diese zwanghafte Unterdr. Symptome des Saturn- Drucks: ewige R. Machen Sie in der zweiten H. Haben Sie das Selbstbewusstsein auch mal zu toben, zu streiten. Und wenn sich Ihre Psyche immer noch dagegen wehren sollte, dass Sie sich in aller Heftigkeit durchsetzen, machen Sie Sport. Laufen, Tennis, auch nur lange Wanderungen – das alles baut Aggressionen ab. Das alles ist ein Ventil f. Denn was Sie am meisten in Ihrem Leben bei anderen Menschen verachteten, war Faulheit – auch wenn diese Menschen, Freude, Kollegen, Partner eigentlich nicht faul waren, sondern nur ein bisschen mehr von ihrem Leben haben wollen und wohl auch hatten. Ihnen widerstrebte Unt. Alles musste abgesichert sein, selbst Ihre Partnerschaft, an der Sie zwanghaft festhielten, selbst wenn sie l. Verspannungen sind die Folge, die in kritischen F. Wichtig dabei, dass Sie erkennen, wie . Vor allem, dass Ihnen klar wird, wie weit Sie es bereits gebracht haben. Und dass Sie dieses Gef. Sie gehen Diskussionsrunden aus dem Weg und wenn Sie sich darauf herablassen, an Debatten teilzunehmen, beharren Sie auf Besserwisserei. Sie wollen recht haben um jeden Preis, ziehen deshalb jegliche neue intellektuelle . Symptome dieses Saturn- Drucks: Magenprobleme, nerv. Allergien, Hautausschl. Gerade jetzt in dieser g. In dem Sie in der zweiten H. Die Menschen, die Sie umgeben, die Freunde, die Kollegen, den Partner, ausreden lassen, lernen zuzuh. Auch wenn Sie ein sehr emotionaler Mensch sind, lassen Sie gewisse Gef. Sie haben Angst vor famili. Menschen mit Ihrer Pr. Oder genau die Gegenposition dazu: Sie ziehen Heimat, M. Symptome dieser Zerrissenheit, dieses Saturn- Drucks: Sie verfallen depressiven Stimmungen, f. Auch akute Depressionen, Burnout, chronische Magenprobleme. In dieser Saturn- Phase haben Sie die Chance mit Ihrer Seele ins Gleichgewicht zu kommen, was eine Voraussetzung daf. Sie werden Ihren inneren Frieden finden, die Ausgewogenheit, die Geborgenheit – ohne Angst vor seelischer Abh. Das Wichtigste: Sie finden in diesem Reifungsprozess den Mut, Ihre eigenen Gef. Sie finden den Mut, zu sich selbst zu stehen. Und dabei nicht gleich unbewusst in eine Verteidigungshaltung zu verfallen, was Ihnen zusetzt, Sie unter Stress setzt, krank macht. Saturn im L. Um bewundert zu werden, das Besondere darzustellen, aufzufallen, einmalig zu sein. Weil Sie unterschwellig die unbewusste Angst verfolgt, dass man Sie nicht liebt, dass man Sie nicht sympathisch findet. Dass Sie ein Mensch sind, der nicht herausragt, der unbedeutend ist – und gleichzeitig g. Und dieser Rolle nicht gerecht werden. Manche Menschen mit Ihrer Pr. Aber als es oben war, verlie. Symptome dieses Saturn- Drucks: st. Und Sie haben Angst davor, diese Pr. Weil in Ihnen ein Zwang zum Perfektionismus verborgen ist. Weil so wie alle sind, es ja nicht falsch sein kann. Und gleichzeitig verachten Sie jegliche Form der Anpassung. Symptome dieses Saturn- Drucks: Bei vielen Menschen mit Ihrer Pr. Sie neigen zu chronischen Beschwerden, Allergien, Stirnh. Im Reifeprozess der zweiten H. Nicht in Panik vor jedem Schnupfen zu geraten. Sie entwickeln ein neues Selbstbewusstsein, das Sie nicht mehr dazu zwingt, sich besonders bescheiden zu geben, um nicht aufzufallen. Sie leben, gelassen, souver. Sie ruhen in sich selbst. Saturn in der WAAGEMenschen mit Ihrer Pr. Deshalb lehnen Sie sich gegen Ihre eigenen St. Sie hassen Kompromisse und setzen sich selbst unter Druck, in dem Sie sich in tausend Vereinen, in B. Im Reifungsprozess der zweiten H. Weil sie die Gefahr in sich birgt, emotional abh. Sie streben nach Macht und haben gleichzeitig Angst davor, dieser Machtstellung nicht gerecht zu werden. Sie haben Angst vor den eigenen Gef. Deshalb laufen Sie manchmal vor der Liebe davon, obwohl Sie darunter leiden, weil Sie tief empfundene Liebe brauchen. Bei vielen Menschen mit Ihrer Pr. Im Reifungsprozess der zweiten Lebensh. Finden Sie vor allem den Mut, die Bereitschaft, sich in einer Partnerschaft hinzugeben und ein Gef. Was jegliche Therapie unterst. Ihnen hilft auf dem Weg zu einem ges. Bis ins letzte Detail. Auch noch Recherchen im Internet unter Ber. Aber dann auf Reisen haben Menschen mit Ihrer Pr. Oder auch einen verbohrten Atheismus, den auch in der totalen Ablehnung, in der totalen, rigorosen Verneinung findet man Sicherheit. Die Symptome dieses Saturn- Zwangs, dieses Versuchs dem Leben, der eigenen Vorstellung vom Leben einen gewissen Halt zu geben: . Im Reifeprozess der zweiten Lebensh. Zu neuen ungeahnten Erkenntnissen. Sie entdecken eine andere, vollkommen neue Welt des Geistes, Sie befreien sich, werden tolerant. Saturn im STEINBOCKIhr Leben dr. Eigentlich lehnen Sie jeglichen Ehrgeiz, jegliches Streben nach Verantwortung im Beruf ab. Pflichtbewusstsein erscheint Ihnen, vielleicht auch nur unbewusst, wie eine Tugend vergangener Zeiten. Haben Angst, dass andere . Sie sind der Feind Ihrer Empfindungen. Und das macht Sie krank, Saturn- krank. Symptome dieser Zwanghaftigkeit: wie bereits beschrieben, Gelenke, Knie, R. Ihr Reifungsprozess, der Sie gesund werden l. Ihre verbissene Zielstrebigkeit bekommt ein exaktes, logisch erkennbares Ziel. Mit diesem Eigensinn, dieser manchmal etwas exzentrischen Individualit. Denn tief im Inneren vieler Menschen mit Ihrer Pr. Die Furcht nirgendwo dazu zu geh. Dennoch nehmen Sie sich diese Extravaganzen heraus, die Sie eigentlich selbst nicht m. Das macht Sie krank, setzt Sie st. Symptome dieses Zwangsverhaltens, dieses Saturn- Syndroms: Oft Burnout – weil Sie sich selbst . Auch Herzprobleme, die bei Angstgef. In dieser Saturn- Phase, die besonders in der zweiten H. Zur inneren Ausgeglichenheit, zur Gelassenheit, in der Sie endlich begreifen, dass auch Sie nur ein ganz normaler Mensch sind und sein m. Und in der Sie in diesem Gef. Aber wie das bei uns Menschen oft so ist: Was uns Furcht einfl. So wie Sie vor tiefen Gef. Besonders wenn Sie schon manche Entt. Symptome: Depressionen, R. Im Reifungsprozess der zweiten Lebensh. Indem Sie die Bereitschaft entwickeln zu verzeihen. Indem Sie zu einem neuen, reifen Vertrauen in das Leben und in die Menschen finden. Und sich nicht mehr in sich selbst zur. Raucoules (Oumey)- Grazac- Lapte Montfaucon en Velay - Duni Son nouveau roman va encore faire grincer des dents. Voie Verte Via Fluvia (Haute- Loire, Auvergne)V. Bonne Balade. CIRCUIT 1 : ENTRE VELAY ET PILATLieu de d. Balade de 8 ou 1. Edc Motors, concessionnaire Mazda par envie. Mazda, la marque embl. L’incident, se serait. C’est l’un des premiers projets entrant dans le cadre du plan de developpement des r. En el siguiente trabajo hablaremos sobre los distintos sentidos que afectan a los seres humanos y animales, y la funci Empecemos por ver que es la medicina alternativa: Richard Dawkins, profesor de Public Understanding of Science en la Universidad de Oxford, define la medicina alternativa como « ese un conjunto de pr Es la encargada de retener el exceso de humo permitiendo que pase de la c. Se construye por encima del estante de holl Se denominan funciones del lenguaje aquellas expresiones del mismo que pueden trasmitir las actitudes del emisor (del hablante, en la comunicaci. Contiene cientos de compuestos qu. Los principales productos gaseosos son di Dejar De Fumar En 7 D. Quiero que conozca mi historia, ya que estoy seguro que se sentir. He luchado contra el cigarrillo por a. Eso es lo que quiero compartir hoy con usted, quiero que conozca mi historia, y que sepa que se puede abandonar el cigarrillo. Nunca es demasiado tarde. He hecho cientos de tratamientos, invertido miles de d? Con “Dejar De Fumar En 7 D. Hay muchas personas que no se hacen cargo del problema que est. El cigarrillo es un tema serio, y hay que tratarlo con mucho cuidado. Las consecuencias que trae son FATALES. No es demasiado tarde para mejorar su salud. Quiero que conozca solo algunos de los efectos secundarios que puede sufrir por causa de su adicci. Supongo que a esta altura ya debe estar recapacitando acerca de su vicio. Es algo que usted no necesita y que evidentemente le est. Si usted ya ha llegado a esa etapa, entonces es un comienzo alentador. Lo que ahora debe hacer es buscar ayuda ya que dejar de fumar es algo muy dif. Por suerte, ese problema ya lo tiene resuelto, ya que se encontr. Hay mucha gente malintencionada que lo . Muchas veces, la “soluci. Un tratamiento mal hecho, no s. No caiga en la tentaci. Demoran mucho tiempo y su efectividad es casi nula. Este es un mecanismo que funciona en muy pocos casos ya que los desequilibrios emocionales que atraviesa una persona cuando deja de fumar son muy dif. La realidad es que tienen una tasa de . No son muy caros, pero su tasa de . Al mismo tiempo, muchas personas que los han probado, han denunciado tener dolores de cabeza, n. Por otro lado, estos dispositivos no son nada econ. Nadie quiere tener que estar medicado, y mucho menos cuando los medicamentos que debe tomar traen consigo una serie de efectos secundarios negativos. No he conocido a nadie que haya podido dejar de fumar siguiendo alguna de las gu. Pero tienen como contrapartida que son muy costosos, ya que debe abonar por cada reuni. Todos los que lo han probado, lograron su objetivo en poco tiempo. Ahora he decidido ponerle a este programa el nombre . Yo puedo decirle que S. El Cigarrillo Es Un Problema Que Necesita Solucionar YA MISMO porque cada d. Empiece a disfrutar de una vida plena y saludable. Con esto pretendo que el dinero no sea un impedimento para nadie que desee solucionar su problema de adicci. TODOS MERECEN EL DERECHO A UNA VIDA SALUDABLE. Estoy tan seguro de que este Manual funcionar. Todas las actualizaciones que yo realice en mi libro ser. Es por eso que quiero que seas parte de todos los avances que vaya encontrando para as. El Manual “Dejar De Fumar En 7 D. Pero igualmente quiero que tenga una tranquilidad total, y es por eso quiero darle una garant. Ahora no tiene nada que perder. Hoy le propongo que, si luego de utilizar el sistema de mi gu. Sabe que se lo merece, debe darse la oportunidad de conocer y utilizar la gu. No importa si ha sido un fumador empedernido por 3. Solo debe seguir unos simples pasos, y dedicarle a mi sistema unos minutos al d. Este es un sistema comprobado, y tiene una garant. Sin efectos secundarios, sin reca. Esto es menos de lo que pagar! Usted se merece algo mejor, y la gente que lo rodea tambi. No deje que el cigarrillo se apodere de su vida y termine acabando con ella, como lo hace con miles de personas en forma diaria en todo el mundo. No siga poniendo en riesgo su salud y la de sus seres queridos. Ahora es usted el que debe tomar la decisi. Puede elegir como quiere vivir el resto de su vida. Una vez realizado el pago tendr. Derechos Reservados Dejar. De. Fumar. En. 7Dias. Cerca de 2000 trabajadores de Astillero R Se ha sugerido que este art. Una vez que hayas realizado la fusi. Aplicaciones de las funciones reales 4. Consecuencias de la definici.
Auch gegen eine Auswahl aus Deutschland – die Partien z. Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965) Werner von Siemens. Robespierre ist eine Weiterleitung auf diesen Artikel. Juli 1794 in Paris), auch Kennst Du umgangssprachliche deutsche Ausdr? Erweitere das Deutsch- Franz. Welcome to listen to the song 'Karwan E Hayat 1935 Dil Se Teri Niga'. If this song is the copyright belongs to you, please send a DMCA removal. Karwan- E- Hayat (1. Karwan- E- Hayat - WOW. Karwan- E- Hayat is a 1. Urdu/Hindi costume action adventure film. Calcutta; and it was produced by Lahore branch of New Theatres. Saigal, Rattan Bai, Pahari Sanyal, Rajkumari, Shyama Zutshi, Gul Hamid, Pahari Sanyal, Rajkumari, Molina, Shyama Zutshi, Siddiqi, Kapoor, Rana. Saigal, heir to the throne of Kascand flees from his kingdom when he finds that his mother (Shyama Zutshi) along with the Wazir (Gul Hamid), has arranged his marriage with the princess (Rajkumari) of Bijapore. Tikkim, wants to marry the princess and he has her kidnapped by the qypsies. Pervez during his escape meets some qypsies who have the kidnapped princess with them. He joins the gypsies and travels with them as a commoner. Zarina (Rattan Bai) one of the gypsy girl falls in love with Pervez. Pervez and the princess find out the truth about each other and fall in love. Together, they defeat the villain Tikkim. Cast. Music. The music of Karwan- E- Hayat has been credited to two music directors, Mihir Kiran Bhattacharya and Timir Baran Bhattacharya, with lyrics by Hakim Ahmad Shuja Pasha, the famous Urdu poet and writer from Lahore. Some sources credit R C Boral for the music as well but there is no documentary basis for it. Three of the songs in the film were released on 7. Timir Baran as composer. The film's booklet mentions only the name of Mihir Kiran Bhattacharya as the composer but no single song has been specifically attributed to him as such. The definitive information is available from a) Hindi Film Geet Kosh, compiled by Har Mandir Singh 'Hamraaz', b) photos of some labels of the film's 7. Saigal named JAB DIL HI TOOT GAYAA. Songs. Songlist. Saigal, Pahari Sanyal. Karwan-E-Hayat (1935) - Trailers, Review, Songs, Images, News, Synopsis, Plot, Cast & Crew, Wallpapers, Video Clips, User Review, User Rating. You have no Favorite Channels. To follow a channel click the. If you wish to view your Favorite Channels from anywhere on the site, click on the My Favorites link. Find trailers, reviews, synopsis, awards and cast information for Karwan-E-Hayat (1935) - Premankur Atorthy on AllMovie - Urdu filmmaker Premankur Atorthy directs. Karwan-E-Hayat (1935) Complete Cast & Crew details, Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director, Singer and more. Download Km.0.2000.DVDRip.XviD-EspAntAlhO torrent or any other torrent from the Video Movies. Direct download via magnet link.THE SCARECROW - 2. Filme em Portugu. 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Qualidade do Video: 10. Qualidade do Audio: 10. Assistir O Espantalho Online Dublado. Sou Web-Designer,Remaster e trabalho com recupera. ANO 2000; ANO 2001; ANO 2002. Special Delivery (postal service)Special Delivery service. Special Delivery badges. Special Delivery stamp on cover. U. S. Special Delivery was a postal service paid for with additional postage for urgent letters and postal packets which are delivered in less time than by standard or first class mail service. Its meaning is different and separate from express mail delivery service. Essentially it meant that a postal packet was delivered from a post office to the addressee immediately once it arrived at the post office responsible for delivering it, rather than waiting for the next regular delivery to the addressee. The U. S. Post Office in conjunction with the Universal Postal Union established a basis for a special service for speedier delivery of mail for an extra fee beginning in 1. Special Delivery was at first limited to post offices that operated in townships with populations of 4,0. In 1. 88. 6 Congress revised Special Delivery service to all U. S. Special Delivery service was in operation from 1. It could not be used to prepay postage or any other service. 360 Google Spotlight Story: Special Delivery Google Spotlight Stories. All Donations to Special Delivery San Diego are tax deductible to the fullest extent allowed by the law. Find out if your letter or parcel has been delivered with Royal Mail's Track and Trace. Trackable services include Special Delivery Guaranteed Special Delivery was a postal service paid for with additional postage for urgent letters and postal packets which are delivered in less time than by standard or. The stamp bears the words . In 1. 88. 6 the Special Delivery service was expanded to all post offices and a new stamp was designed. The revised stamp was identical to the first issue of 1. SPECIAL DELIVERY Trailer IslandFilmGroup. Hallmark Movies 2016 - Special Delivery 2016 - Hallmark movie full length - Duration: 1:20:45.Special Delivery only served communities whose population was over 4,0. To be valid the Special Delivery stamp had to be affixed to the envelope along with all other postage and could not be used to prepay regular and airmail postage. Beginning in 1. 90. Special Delivery messengers were issued bicycles to deliver the mail and correspondingly a stamp was issued that year which depicted a messenger riding a bicycle and delivering the mail. The series ended in 1. In the following years the truck and motorcycle pictures reappeared as rates changed and various color, printing and perforation varieties were created. The last image, instituted in 1. Overall philatelists recognize 2. In used condition none of the special delivery stamps are particularly scarce. On June 7, 1. 99. United States Postal Service terminated Special Delivery mail service which left many unused Special Delivery stamps in circulation that were no longer valid for such postage. The remaining stamps were allowed to be returned to the Post Office for their face value as . Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved July 2. Retrieved July 2. Retrieved July 2. American Association of Philatelic Exhibitors. Retrieved July 2. Fuzzy logic - Scholarpedia. Humans have a remarkable capability to reason and make decisions in an environment of uncertainty, imprecision, incompleteness of information, and partiality of knowledge, truth and class membership. The principal objective of fuzzy logic is formalization/mechanization of this capability. This video introduces fuzzy logic, including the basics of fuzzy sets, fuzzy rules and how these are combined in decision making.The core of FL is Graduation/Granulation, G/G. There are many misconceptions about fuzzy logic. To begin with, fuzzy logic is not fuzzy. In large measure, fuzzy logic is precise. Another source of confusion is the duality of meaning of fuzzy logic. In a narrow sense, fuzzy logic is a logical system. But in much broader sense which is in dominant use today, fuzzy logic, or FL for short, is much more than a logical system. Fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy control systems A type of logic that recognizes more than simple true and false values. With fuzzy logic, propositions can be represented with degrees of truthfulness and falsehood. For example, the statement, today is sunny,might be 100% true if there are no clouds, 80% true if there are a few clouds, 50% true if. More specifically, fuzzy logic has many facets (Figure 1). There are four principal facets. The fuzzy- set- theoretic facet, FLs. The logical facet, FLl. The product guides you through the steps of designing fuzzy inference systems. Functions are provided for many common methods, including fuzzy clustering. This definition explains what fuzzy logic is and how it's used in computing and data analytics applications. See also: A discussion of fuzzy logic's history and inks to more. The epistemic facet, FLe; and. The relational facet, FLr. More specifically, in fuzzy logic everything is or is allowed to be graduated, that is, be a matter of degree or, equivalently, fuzzy. Furthermore, in fuzzy logic everything is or is allowed to be granulated, with a granule being a clump of attribute- values drawn together by indistinguishability, similarity, proximity or functionality. For example, Age is granulated when its values are described as young, middle- aged and old (Figure 2). A linguistic variable may be viewed as a granulated variable whose granular values are linguistic labels of granules. In a qualitative way, graduation and granulation play pivotal roles in human cognition. The concept of a fuzzy set was introduced in (Zadeh 1. The theory of fuzzy sets is central to fuzzy logic (Pedrycz and Gomide 1. A fuzzy set, A, in a universe of discourse, U, is defined by a membership function which associates with each object, u, in U, the degree to which u is a member of A. A fuzzy set is basic if its membership function takes values in the unit interval. More generally, the membership function may take values in a partially ordered set. There are many types of fuzzy sets, among them fuzzy sets of Type 2 (Zadeh 1. Mendel 2. 00. 0), L- Fuzzy sets (Goguen 1. Zhang 1. 99. 8; Benferhat, Dubois, Kaci and Prade 2. Atanassov 1. 98. 6). In a general setting, intersection and union of fuzzy sets are defined in terms of t- norms and t- conorms (Klement, Mesiar and Pap 2. FLl may be viewed as a generalization of multivalued logic. The agenda of FLl is similar in spirit to the agenda of classical logic (Hajek 1. Novak, Perfilieva and Mockor 1. Truth values in FLl are allowed to be fuzzy sets. In FLe, a natural language is viewed as a system for describing perceptions. An important branch of FLe is possibility theory (Zadeh 1. Dubois and Prade 1. Another important branch of FLe is the computational theory of perceptions (Zadeh 1. In FLr, a granulated function, \(f*\ ,\) is described as a collection of fuzzy if- then rules of the form: if \(X\) is \(A\) then \(Y\) is \(B\ ,\) where \(A\) and \(B\) are fuzzy sets carrying linguistic labels like small, medium, and large (Figure 3). In this sense, \(X\) and \(Y\) are linguistic variables (Zadeh 1. The concept of a linguistic variable and the associated calculi of fuzzy if- then rules (Zadeh 1. Mamdani and Assilian 1. Bardossy and Duckstein 1. A granulated function, \(f*\ ,\) may be viewed as a summary of \(f\ ,\) with \(f*\) being a granular value of \(f\ .\) An important special case of a granular function is a granular probability density function (Figure 4). In this perspective, perception of a probability distribution may be described as a granular probability distribution. Constraints are ubiquitous. In scientific theories, representation of constraints is generally oversimplified. Oversimplification of constraints is a necessity because existing constraint definition languages have a very limited expressive power. The concept of a generalized constraint is intended to provide a basis for construction of a maximally expressive constraint definition language- -a language which can also serve as a meaning representation/precisiation language for natural languages. The principal modalities are. The standard constraints are bivalent possibilistic, bivalent veristic and probabilistic. Standard constraints have a position of centrality in existing scientific theories. A generalized constraint, GC(\(X\)), is open if \(X\) is a free variable, and is closed if \(X\) is instantiated. A proposition is a closed generalized constraint. Unless indicated to the contrary, a generalized constraint is assumed to be closed. A generalized constraint may be generated by combining, projecting, qualifying, propagating and counterpropagating other generalized constraints. The set of all generalized constraints together with the rules governing combination, projection, qualification, propagation and counterpropagation, constitutes the Generalized Constraint Language (GCL). More specifically, a key idea in fuzzy logic is that of representing the information about a variable \(X\ ,\) \(I(X)\ ,\) as a generalized constraint on \(X\ ,\) GC(\(X\)). The symbolic equation \(I(X)\)=GC(\(X\)) is the fundamental thesis of fuzzy logic. A consequence of the fundamental thesis is that the meaning of a proposition, \(p\ ,\) is expressible as a generalized constraint. This is the meaning postulate of fuzzy logic. More specifically, the meaning of a proposition is expressible as a closed generalized constraint, while the meaning of a predicate is expressible as an open generalized constraint. Equivalently, if \(p\) is a proposition or a predicate then the meaning postulate may be stated as an assertion that the meaning of \(p\) may be represented/precisiated through translation of \(p\) into GCL. A very simple example of annotated translation is. Lily is young \(X\)/Age(Lily) is \(R\)/young. X\) is Age(Lily), the constraining relation, \(R\ ,\) is young, and the constraint is possibilistic (\(r\)=blank). Equivalently, the meaning postulate implies that the meaning of a proposition or a predicate is defined by identifying the constrained variable, \(X\ ,\) the constraining relation, \(R\ ,\) and the modality of the constraint, \(r\ .\). Granular computing. There is a close connection between the concept of a generalized constraint and the concept of a granular value. More specifically, if \(X\) is a variable taking values in a universe of discourse, \(U\ ,\) then \(a\) is a singular value of \(X\) if \(a\) is a singleton, implying that there is no uncertainty or imprecision about the value of \(X\ .\) If this is not the case, then a granular value of \(X\ ,\) \(A\ ,\) may be viewed as a representation of the state of knowledge about the value of \(X\) (Figure 5). For example, if \(X\) is unemployment, then 9. X\ ,\) and . Symbolically, \(A\)=GC(\(X\)). In the unemployment example, . In granular computing, the objects of computation are granular values which are defined as generalized constraints. Granular computing is rooted in (Zadeh 1. The term Granular Computing was suggested by T. Y. Pedrycz is the first book on granular computing (Bargiela and Pedrycz, 2. Since a natural language is a system for describing perceptions, NL- Computation is closely related to computation with perception- based information. As an illustration, if my perception is that most Swedes are tall, then what is the average height of Swedes? Another example: Robert usually leaves office at about 6 pm. Usually it takes him about an hour to get home. What is the probability that Robert is home after about 7 pm? NL- capability is the capability of a theory to operate on information described in natural language or, equivalently, to operate on perception- based information. The importance of NL- capability derives from the fact that much of human knowledge is expressed in natural language. In the first stage, the information which is described in a natural language is precisiated through translation into the Generalized Constraint Language. The result is granular information expressed as system of generalized constraints. The second stage involves granular computing. Finally, the result of granular computing is retranslated into natural language. The principal rule is the extension principle. Extension principle has many versions. The simplest version (Zadeh 1. Let \(f\) be a function from reals to reals, \(Y=f(X)\ .\) What we know is that \(X\) is \(A\ ,\) where \(A\) is a fuzzy subset of the real line. Equivalently, what we know about \(X\) is its granular value, that is, its possibility distribution, \(A\ .\) What can be said about \(Y\ ,\) that is, what is its granular value or, equivalently, its possibility distribution? In a more general form, (Zadeh 1. X\) is \(A\) is replaced by \(f(X)\) is \(A\) (Figure 6). It is this form that is used in most practical applications. In a form that is used in fuzzy control, what is granulated is \(f\ ,\) resulting in a granular function, \(f^*\ ,\) which is defined by a collection of fuzzy- if- then rules. Let \(Y=f(X)\ ,\) where \(X\) is a real- valued variable. Assume that we can compute \(Y\) for singular values of \(f\) and \(X\ .\) Basically, the extension principle serves to extend the definition of \(Y\) to granular values of \(f\) and \(X\ .\). History. During much of its early history, fuzzy logic has been an object of skepticism and derision, in part because fuzzy is a word which is usually used in a pejorative sense. Today, fuzzy logic has an extensive literature and a wide variety of applications ranging from consumer products and fuzzy control to medical diagnostic systems and fraud detection (Zadeh 1. Novak and Perfilieva 2. What is widely unrecognized is that many scientific theories can be enriched through addition of concepts and techniques drawn from fuzzy logic. In particular, fuzzy logic can add to existing theories NL- capability, that is, the capability to operate on information described in natural language or, equivalently, on perception- based information. Filmes noradar - Filmes de a- z Gabriela. Gaijin - Ama- me Como Sou. Gaijin - Caminhos da Liberdade. Galante Mr. Deeds, OGalera do Mal. Galinho, OGandhi.
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